TCoPS - 45

Charitable Trusts and SYSTEMIQ, 2019.
Breaking the Plastic Wave.
167 The Pew Charitable Trusts and
SYSTEMIQ, 2019. Breaking the Plastic
Wave.
168 The Pew Charitable Trusts and
SYSTEMIQ, 2019. Breaking the Plastic
Wave.
169 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017.
The New Plastics Economy: Rethinking The
Future Of Plastics & Catalysing Action.
170 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2020.
Perspective on 'Breaking the Plastic Wave'
study: The Circular Economy Solution to
Plastic Pollution.
171 The Pew Charitable Trusts and
SYSTEMIQ, 2019. Breaking the Plastic
Wave.
172 Backhaus, T. and Wagner, M. (2019)
'Microplastics in the Environment: Much
Ado about Nothing? A Debate', Global
Challenges, 4(1900022).
173 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2021.
Policies for a Circular Economy for
Plastic: The Ellen MacArthur Foundation's
perspective on a UN treaty to address plastic
pollution.
174 WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a
UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
175 WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a
UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
176 WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a
UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
177 Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2021.
Policies for a Circular Economy for
Plastic: The Ellen MacArthur Foundation's
perspective on a UN treaty to address plastic
pollution.
178 Parker, L. (2021) " Global treaty to
regulate plastic pollution gains momentum " ,
National Geographic (Environment),
8 June. Available at: https://www.
nationalgeographic.co.uk/environmentand-conservation/2021/06/global-treaty-toregulate-plastic-pollution-gains-momentum.
179
Parker, L. (2021) " Global treaty to
regulate plastic pollution gains momentum " ,
National Geographic (Environment),
8 June. Available at: https://www.
nationalgeographic.co.uk/environmentand-conservation/2021/06/global-treaty-toregulate-plastic-pollution-gains-momentum.
180
WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a
UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
181 UNEP-WCMC, 2017. Governance of
areas beyond national jurisdiction for
biodiversity conservation and sustainable
use: Institutional arrangements and crosssectoral
cooperation in the Western Indian
Ocean and the South East Pacific.
182 UN Environment, 2017. Combating
Marine Plastic Litter and Microplastics: An
Assessment of the Effectiveness of Relevant
International, Regional and Subregional
Governance Strategies and Approaches.
183 UNEP, 2020. Summary of the analysis
of the effectiveness of existing and potential
response options and activities on marine
litter and microplastics at all levels to
determine the contribution in solving the
global problem.
184 WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a UN
Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
185 WWF, 2020. The Business Case for a
UN Treaty on Plastic Pollution.
186 Soares, J. et al. (2021) 'Public views
on plastic pollution: Knowledge, perceived
impacts, and pro-environmental behaviours',
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 412.
187 SEA Circular, 2020. Perceptions on
Plastic Waste.
188 WWF (n.d.), Ghost Gear - the silent
predator, viewed 6 August 2021, .
189 WWF (n.d.). Global Plastic
Navigator [Online]. Available at: https://
plasticnavigator.wwf.de/#/en/stories/?st
=0&ch=0&layers=surface-concentration
(Accessed: 12 August 2021).
190 This estimate is not a holistic and
bottom-up estimate of the costs incurred
by South Africa, rather it is a pro-rata of
the global cost estimate based on South
Africa's share of global waste generation
from Our World in Data figures; Our World
in Data (n.d.), 'Plastic waste generation,
2010', viewed 6 August 2021, .
Total national
plastic waste generation was calculated by
Our World in Data based on per capita plastic
waste generation data published in Jambeck,
J. R. et al. (2015). 'Plastic waste inputs from
land into the ocean'. Science, 347(6223), pp
768-771 and total population data published
in the World Bank, World Development
Indicators (available at: https://datacatalog.
worldbank.org/dataset/world-developmentindicators).
191
IUCN-EA-QUANTIS, 2020. National
Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting
and shaping action.
192 Rodseth C., Notten P. and H. von
Blottniz, (2020) " A revised approach for
estimating informally disposed domestic
waste in rural versus urban South Africa and
implications for waste management " , South
African Journal of Science, 116, pp 1-6.
193 IUCN-EA-QUANTIS, 2020. National
Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting
and shaping action.
194 Ryan, P.G. (2020) " The transport and
fate of marine plastics in South Africa and
adjacent oceans " , South African Journal of
Science, 116(5/6).
195 Chitaka, T.Y. and von Blottnitz, H.
(2018) " Accumulation and characteristics
of plastic debris along five beaches in Cape
Town " , Marine Pollution Bulletin, 138, pp
451-457.
196 South African Department of Tourism,
2017. South Africa: State of tourism report,
2016/17.
197 Balance, A., Ryan, P.G. and Turipe, J.
(2000) " How much is a clean beach worth?
The impact of litter on beach users in the
Cape Peninsula, South Africa " , South African
Journal of Science, 96(5), pp 210-213.
198 South African Government 2014,
Fisheries, Department of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries (South Africa), viewed
3 August 2021.
199 Clark, B.M. et al. (2002) " Identification
of subsistence fishers, fishing areas, resource
use and activities along the South African
coast " , South African Journal of Marine
Science, 24, pp 425-437.
200 WWF, 2020. Plastics: Facts and futures.
Moving beyond pollution management
towards a circular plastics economy in
South Africa.
201 South Africa Department of
Environmental Affairs, 2018. State of Waste
Report South Africa.
202 Von Blottnitz, H., Chitaka, T. and C.
Rodseth. (2018). " South Africa beats Europe
at plastics recycling, but also is a top 20
ocean polluter. Really? " epse.uct.ac.za/
sites/default/files/image_tool/images/363/
Publications/
SA%20plastics%20MFA%20
commentary%20by%20E%26PSE%20rev1.
pdf.
203 Center for International Environmental
Law, 2019. Plastic & Health: The Hidden
Costs of a Plastic Planet.
204 South African Government, 2021.
Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment on
amendments to plastic bag regulations.
205 South African Government, 2020.
National Environmental Management:
Waste Act (59/2008): Regulations
regarding extended producer responsibility.
206 African Ministerial Conference on
the Environment, 2019. Draft Durban
Declaration on taking action for
environmental sustainability and prosperity
in Africa.
207 African Ministerial Conference on
the Environment, 2019. Draft Durban
Declaration on taking action for
environmental sustainability and prosperity
in Africa.
208 Vlavianos, C. (2021) " Thousands
of South Africans call for stricter plastic
regulations from the DEFF Director General " ,
Greenpeace, 13 April. Available at: https://
www.greenpeace.org/africa/en/press/13506/
thousands-of-south-africans-call-for-stricterplastic-regulations-from-the-deff-directorgeneral/.
209
Plastic Pollution Treaty, (n.d.). The
business call for a UN Treaty on plastic
pollution.
210 Australian Government, 2021. National
Plastics Plan 2021.
211 Australian Government Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation, 2021. A circular economy
roadmap for plastics, tyres, glass and paper
in Australia.
212 This estimate is not a holistic and
bottom-up estimate of the costs incurred by
Australia, rather it is a pro-rata of the global
cost estimate based on Australia's share of
global waste generation from Our World
in Data figures; Our World in Data (n.d.),
'Plastic waste generation, 2010', viewed
6 August 2021, .
Total national plastic waste
generation was calculated by Our World
in Data based on per capita plastic waste
generation data published in Jambeck, J.
R. et al. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from
land into the ocean. Science, 347(6223), pp
768-771 and total population data published
in the World Bank, World Development
Indicators (available at: https://datacatalog.
worldbank.org/dataset/world-developmentindicators).
IUCN-EA-QUANTIS,
2020. National
Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting
and shaping action.
213 Australian Government, 2021. National
Plastics Plan 2021.
214 O'Farrell, K., (2020). 2018-19
Australian Plastics Recycling Survey
National report. Envisageworks, Melbourne:
Australian Government Department of
Agriculture, Water and the Environment.
215 World Wide Fund for Nature Australia
and Boston Consulting Group, 2020. Plastics
Revolution to reality - A roadmap to
halve Australia's single-use plastic litter.
216 Charles, D., Kimman, L. and Saran, N.
(2021) 'The plastic waste-makers index',
Minderoo Foundation.
217 Australian Government, 2021. National
Plastics Plan 2021.
218 Australian Packaging Covenant
Organization, 2020. Australian packaging
45

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